About the Authors

Lisa C. Lindesmith

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Martin T. Ferris

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Clancy W. Mullan

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Jennifer Ferreira

Affiliation The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Kari Debbink

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Jesica Swanstrom

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Charles Richardson

Affiliation Takeda Vaccines, Deerfield, Illinois, United States of America

Robert R. Goodwin

Affiliation Takeda Vaccines, Deerfield, Illinois, United States of America

Frank Baehner

Affiliation Takeda Pharmaceutical International, Zurich, Switzerland

Paul M. Mendelman

Affiliation Takeda Vaccines, Deerfield, Illinois, United States of America

Robert F. Bargatze

Affiliation Takeda Vaccines, Deerfield, Illinois, United States of America

Ralph S. Baric

rbaric@email.unc.edu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

MTF, CWM, KD, and JS do not have any competing interests. LCL and RSB have received royalties from a licensing agreement with Ligocyte (now Takeda). FB is an employee of Takeda Pharmaceuticals International. CR, RRG, RFB, and PMM are employees of Takeda Vaccines. RRG has stock in Takeda Vaccines, Inc. CR holds stock or options in Takeda Pharmaceuticals. RFB holds patents on Takeda's norovirus vaccine drug substance, owns Takeda stock, is PI of a research contract from the Department of Defense for norovirus vaccine development, is a board member of the Montana BioScience Alliance, and is a registered lobbyist. JF is an employee of EMMES and is contracted through Takeda Vaccines.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LL MF RSB. Performed the experiments: LCL MTF. Analyzed the data: LCL MTF JF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LCL MTF CWM KD JS CR RRG FB PMM RFB RSB. Wrote the paper: LCL MTF JF RRG FB PMM RFB RSB. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: LCL MTF CWM JF KD JS CR RRG FB PMM RFB RSB. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.