About the Authors

John P. A. Ioannidis

jioannid@stanford.edu

Affiliations Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

JPAI is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. The author has declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: JPAI. Wrote the paper: JPAI. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: JPAI. Conceived the ideas and concepts discussed: JPAI.