About the Authors

Krista Fischer

Contributed equally to this work with: Krista Fischer, Johannes Kettunen, Peter Würtz

krista.fischer@ut.ee (KF); peter.wurtz@computationalmedicine.fi (PW)

Affiliation The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Johannes Kettunen

Contributed equally to this work with: Krista Fischer, Johannes Kettunen, Peter Würtz

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Peter Würtz

Contributed equally to this work with: Krista Fischer, Johannes Kettunen, Peter Würtz

krista.fischer@ut.ee (KF); peter.wurtz@computationalmedicine.fi (PW)

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Toomas Haller

Affiliation The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Aki S. Havulinna

Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Antti J. Kangas

Affiliation Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Pasi Soininen

Affiliations Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Tõnu Esko

Affiliations The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mari-Liis Tammesoo

Affiliation The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Reedik Mägi

Affiliation The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Steven Smit

Affiliation The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Aarno Palotie

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Samuli Ripatti

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Veikko Salomaa

Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Mika Ala-Korpela

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Markus Perola

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Andres Metspalu

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Competing Interests

PW AJK PS and MAK are shareholders of Brainshake Ltd., a startup company offering NMR-based metabolite profiling. All other authors declare that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KF JK PW VS MAK MP AM. Performed the experiments: AJK PS MAK. Analyzed the data: KF JK PW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TH ASH AJK TE RM SR. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: KF JK PW. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: KF JK PW TH ASH VS. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: KF JK PW TH ASH AJK PS TE MLT RM SS AP SR VS MAK MP AM. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: KF JK PW TH ASH AJK PS TE MLT RM SS AP SR VS MAK MP AM. Enrolled patients: MLT SS AP VS MP AM.