About the Authors

Peter Recknagel

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter Recknagel, Falk A. Gonnert

Affiliations Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Falk A. Gonnert

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter Recknagel, Falk A. Gonnert

Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Martin Westermann

Affiliation Electron Microscopy Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Sandro Lambeck

Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Amelie Lupp

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Alain Rudiger

Affiliation Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Alex Dyson

Affiliation Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Jane E. Carré

Affiliation Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Andreas Kortgen

Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Christoph Krafft

Affiliation Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany

Jürgen Popp

Affiliation Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany

Christoph Sponholz

Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Valentin Fuhrmann

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Ingrid Hilger

Affiliation Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Ralf A. Claus

Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Niels C. Riedemann

Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Reinhard Wetzker

Affiliation Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Mervyn Singer

Affiliation Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Michael Trauner

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Michael Bauer

Michael.Bauer@med.uni-jena.de

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors declare that a patent has been filed regarding the use of bile acids for the diagnosis of sepsis (MB). MS is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. The authors declare that no other competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PR FAG AK JP IH RAC NCR RW MS MT MB. Performed the experiments: PR FAG MW AL AR AD JEC CK CS VF. Analyzed the data: PR FAG MW SL CK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SL CK JP IH MT RW. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: PR FAG MS MT MB. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: PR FAG RW MS MT MB. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: PR FAG MW SL AL AR AD JEC AK CK JP CS VF IH RAC NCR RW MS MT MB. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: PR FAG MW SL AL AR AD JEC AK CK JP CS VF IH RAC NCR RW MS MT MB.