About the Authors

Nayu Ikeda

ikedan@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Manami Inoue

Affiliation Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroyasu Iso

Affiliation Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Shunya Ikeda

Affiliation International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan

Toshihiko Satoh

Affiliation Kitasato Clinical Research Center, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

Mitsuhiko Noda

Affiliation Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Tetsuya Mizoue

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and International Health, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Hironori Imano

Affiliation Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Eiko Saito

Affiliation Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Kota Katanoda

Affiliation Cancer Information Services and Surveillance Division, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

Tomotaka Sobue

Affiliation Cancer Information Services and Surveillance Division, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

Shoichiro Tsugane

Affiliation Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan

Mohsen Naghavi

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Majid Ezzati

Affiliation MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Kenji Shibuya

Affiliation Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NI ME KS. Performed the experiments: NI KS. Analyzed the data: NI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MN ME. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: NI. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MI HIso SI TSatoh MN TM HImano ES KK TSobue ST MN ME KS. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: NI MI HIso SI TSatoh MN TM HImano ES KK TSobue ST MN ME KS. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: NI MI HIso SI TSatoh MN TM HImano ES KK TSobue ST MN ME KS. Supervised the research: KS. Literature search and data collection of exposures, relative risks and mortality: NI MI HIso MN TM HImano ES KK TSobue ST MN ME KS.