About the Authors

Daniel F. MacKay

Affiliation Section of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Gordon C. S. Smith

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge University, The Rosie Hospital Cambridge, United Kingdom

Richard Dobbie

Affiliation Information Services Division, NHS Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Jill P. Pell

j.pell@clinmed.gla.ac.uk

Affiliation Section of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: DFM GCS RD JPP. Agree with the manuscript's results and conclusions: DFM GCS RD JPP. Designed the experiments/the study: GCS RD JPP. Analyzed the data: DFM RD. Collected data/did experiments for the study: RD JPP. Wrote the first draft of the paper: JPP. Contributed to the writing of the paper: DFM GCS RD JPP.