About the Authors

E. Richard Gold

richard.gold2@mcgill.ca (ERG); wak@bu.edu (WK); james.orbinski@utoronto.ca (JO)

Affiliation Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Warren Kaplan

richard.gold2@mcgill.ca (ERG); wak@bu.edu (WK); james.orbinski@utoronto.ca (JO)

Affiliation Department of International Health, The Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

James Orbinski

richard.gold2@mcgill.ca (ERG); wak@bu.edu (WK); james.orbinski@utoronto.ca (JO)

Affiliation St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Sarah Harland-Logan

Affiliation Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sevil N-Marandi

Affiliation University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Competing Interests

ERG conducts research on intellectual property policy with the Structural Genomics Consortium.

Author Contributions

ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: ERG WK JO SHL SNM. Wrote the first draft of the paper: ERG WK JO. Contributed to the writing of the paper: ERG WK JO SHL SNM. Carried out some of the research for this manuscript, and wrote a substantial portion of the first draft: SHL. Contributed to the discussion on the current state of global R&D: SNM. Researched and analyzed the framing and future framing of the global patent policy debate: SNM.