About the Authors
- Nynke R. van den Broek
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Affiliation Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Sarah A. White
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Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Mark Goodall
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Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Chikondi Ntonya
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Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Edith Kayira
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Affiliation Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- George Kafulafula
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† Deceased.
Affiliation Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- James P. Neilson
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* E-mail: jneilson@liv.ac.uk
Affiliation School of Reproductive & Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: NRvdB SAW MG CN GK JPN. Agree with the manuscript's results and conclusions: NRvdB SAW MG CN EK GK JPN. Designed the experiments/the study: NRvdB JPN. Analyzed the data: NRvdB SAW. Collected data/did experiments for the study: NRvdB CN EK. Enrolled patients: CN EK. Wrote the first draft of the paper: NRvdB JPN. Contributed to the writing of the paper: SAW CN EK GK. NvdB and JPN planned the study. With SAW, they wrote the analysis plan and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. JPN performed the meta- analysis. MG, CN, and GK managed the project in Malawi. CN and EK managed the teams of research midwives in Malawi and performed the ultrasound scans.