About the Authors

Godfrey Kigozi

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Ronald H Gray

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rgray@jhsph.edu

Affiliation Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Maria J Wawer

Affiliation Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

David Serwadda

Affiliation School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Frederick Makumbi

Affiliation School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Stephen Watya

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Fred Nalugoda

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Noah Kiwanuka

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Lawrence H Moulton

Affiliation Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Michael Z Chen

Affiliation Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Nelson K Sewankambo

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Fred Wabwire-Mangen

Affiliation School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Melanie C Bacon

Affiliation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Renee Ridzon

Affiliation Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Pius Opendi

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Victor Sempijja

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Absolom Settuba

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Denis Buwembo

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Valerian Kiggundu

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Margaret Anyokorit

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

James Nkale

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Nehemia Kighoma

Affiliation Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda

Blake Charvat

Affiliation Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

RH Gray, MJ Wawer, D Serwadda, N Kiwanuka, NK Sewankambo, F Wabwire-Mangen, and N Kighoma designed the experiments/the study. D Serwadda, S Watya, N Kiwanuka, MZ Chen, NK Sewankambo, P Opendi, D Buwembo, A Settuba, V Kiggundu, J Nkale, and N Kighoma collected data or did experiments for the study. G Kigozi, RH Gray, MJ Wawer, D Serwadda, F Makumbi, N Kiwanuka, LH Moulton, MZ Chen, A Settuba, and B Charvat analyzed the data. D Serwadda, N Kiwanuka, NK Sewankambo, P Opendi, D Buwembo, V Kiggundu, J Nkale, and N Kighoma enrolled patients. G Kigozi and RH Gray wrote the first draft of the paper. G Kigozi, RH Gray, MJ Wawer, D Serwadda, S Watya, F Nalugoda, N Kiwanuka, LH Moulton, F Wabwire-Mangen, MC Bacon, P Opendi, V Sempijja, D Buwembo, R Ridzon, M Anyokorit, and B Charvat contributed to writing the paper.