About the Authors

Silvia S Kang

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Seth M Bloom

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Lyse A Norian

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Michael J Geske

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Richard A Flavell

Affiliations Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Thaddeus S Stappenbeck

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stappenb@wustl.edu (TSS); pallen@wustl.edu (PMA)

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Paul M Allen

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stappenb@wustl.edu (TSS); pallen@wustl.edu (PMA)

These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

SSK, SMB, TSS, and PMA designed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. SSK, SMB, and LAN did the experiments. MJG performed the statistical analysis. RAF provided the dnTGFβRII mice and the expertise in their use.