About the Authors

Jun Yan

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Leyan Xu

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Annie M Welsh

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Glen Hatfield

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Thomas Hazel

Affiliation Neuralstem, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Karl Johe

Affiliation Neuralstem, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Vassilis E Koliatsos

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: koliat@jhmi.edu

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America , Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America , Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America , Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

Jun Yan, Leyan Xu, Annie M. Welsh, Glen Hatfield, and Vassilis E. Koliatsos have no financial interest in Neuralstem or in a product that might be developed as the result of this study. Karl Johe and Thomas Haze have financial interest in Neuralstem.

Author Contributions

JY was a major contributor to the work and designed the details of the experimental plan, performed all animal surgeries and most immunocytochemical staining, as well as writing the manuscript. LX performed revision experiments and some of the stereological and ICC work, did statistics analysis, and helped with the final preparation of the manuscript. AMW was responsible for most of the semiquantitative cell counts on ICC preparations and helped with stereology and the preparation of figures. GH designed and performed real-time PCR and wrote the corresponding portions of the manuscript. TJ and KJ established, maintained, and supplied human NSCs for transplantation. VEK, principal investigator, conceived and designed the project, established surgery procedures, troubleshot the experiments, and prepared the final manuscript.