About the Authors

Nancy Krieger

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jarvis T Chen

Affiliation Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Brent A Coull

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joe V Selby

Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

NK conceived and designed the study, interpreted the data, and prepared the manuscript. JTC helped devise the analytic plan, conducted the analyses, and assisted with interpreting the data and preparing the manuscript. BAC advised on the analytic plan, and assisted with analyzing and interpreting the data and with preparing the manuscript. JVS designed the Kaiser Permanente Women Twins Study II, and assisted with interpretation of the data and preparing the manuscript.