About the Authors
- Tove Fall
-
Contributed equally to this work with: Tove Fall, Sara Hägg, Reedik Mägi
Affiliations Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sara Hägg
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Contributed equally to this work with: Tove Fall, Sara Hägg, Reedik Mägi
Affiliations Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Reedik Mägi
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Contributed equally to this work with: Tove Fall, Sara Hägg, Reedik Mägi
Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Alexander Ploner
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Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Krista Fischer
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Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Momoko Horikoshi
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Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Antti-Pekka Sarin
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Affiliation Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Gudmar Thorleifsson
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Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Claes Ladenvall
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Mart Kals
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Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Maris Kuningas
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Harmen H. M. Draisma
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Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Janina S. Ried
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Affiliation Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Natalie R. van Zuydam
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Affiliation Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Ville Huikari
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Affiliation Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Massimo Mangino
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Emily Sonestedt
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Affiliation Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases Genetic Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Beben Benyamin
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Affiliations Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Christopher P. Nelson
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Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Natalia V. Rivera
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Affiliations IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Kati Kristiansson
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Huei-yi Shen
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Aki S. Havulinna
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Abbas Dehghan
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Louise A. Donnelly
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Affiliation Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Marika Kaakinen
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Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Marja-Liisa Nuotio
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Neil Robertson
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Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Renée F. A. G. de Bruijn
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- M. Arfan Ikram
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Najaf Amin
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Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Anthony J. Balmforth
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Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Peter S. Braund
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Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Alexander S. F. Doney
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Affiliation Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Angela Döring
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Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Paul Elliott
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Affiliation MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Tõnu Esko
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Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Oscar H. Franco
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Solveig Gretarsdottir
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Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
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Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Kauko Heikkilä
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Affiliation Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Karl-Heinz Herzig
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Affiliations Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Hilma Holm
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Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Jouke Jan Hottenga
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Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Elina Hyppönen
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Affiliation Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medical Research Council Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Thomas Illig
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Affiliations Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Aaron Isaacs
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Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Bo Isomaa
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Affiliations Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Lennart C. Karssen
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Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Johannes Kettunen
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Wolfgang Koenig
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine II–Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Kari Kuulasmaa
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Tiina Laatikainen
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Jaana Laitinen
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Affiliation Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Cecilia Lindgren
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Valeriya Lyssenko
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Affiliations Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- Esa Läärä
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Affiliation Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Nigel W. Rayner
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Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Satu Männistö
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Anneli Pouta
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Affiliations Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Wolfgang Rathmann
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Affiliation Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Fernando Rivadeneira
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Affiliations Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Aimo Ruokonen
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Affiliation Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Markku J. Savolainen
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Affiliations Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Eric J. G. Sijbrands
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Kerrin S. Small
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Jan H. Smit
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Affiliations The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir
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Affiliation deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Ann-Christine Syvänen
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Affiliation Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Anja Taanila
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Affiliation Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Martin D. Tobin
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Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Andre G. Uitterlinden
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Sara M. Willems
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Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Gonneke Willemsen
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Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Jacqueline Witteman
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Markus Perola
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Affiliations Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Alun Evans
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Affiliation Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Jean Ferrières
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Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Jarmo Virtamo
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Frank Kee
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Affiliation Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- David-Alexandre Tregouet
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Affiliation Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM UMR S937, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
- Dominique Arveiler
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Philippe Amouyel
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Affiliation Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U744, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Marco M. Ferrario
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Affiliation Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Paolo Brambilla
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Affiliation Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Alistair S. Hall
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Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Andrew C. Heath
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Affiliation Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Pamela A. F. Madden
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Affiliation Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Nicholas G. Martin
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Affiliation Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia
- Grant W. Montgomery
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Affiliation Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia
- John B. Whitfield
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Affiliation Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia
- Antti Jula
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Affiliation Population Studies Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
- Paul Knekt
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Affiliation Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Ben Oostra
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cornelia M. van Duijn
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Affiliations Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Genomic Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands, Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
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Affiliations The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- George Davey Smith
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Affiliation MRC Centre for Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Jaakko Kaprio
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Nilesh J. Samani
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Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Christian Gieger
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Affiliation Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Annette Peters
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Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- H.-Erich Wichmann
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Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
- Dorret I. Boomsma
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Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Eco J. C. de Geus
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Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TiinaMaija Tuomi
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Affiliations Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Chris Power
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Affiliation Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medical Research Council Centre for the Epidemiology of Child Health, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Christopher J. Hammond
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Tim D. Spector
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Lars Lind
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Affiliation Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Marju Orho-Melander
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Colin Neil Alexander Palmer
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Affiliation Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Andrew D. Morris
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Affiliation Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Leif Groop
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
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Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Veikko Salomaa
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Erkki Vartiainen
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Affiliation Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Albert Hofman
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Samuli Ripatti
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Andres Metspalu
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Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
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Affiliations deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Kari Stefansson
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Affiliations deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Nancy L. Pedersen
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¶These authors are joint senior authors on this work.
Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mark I. McCarthy
-
¶These authors are joint senior authors on this work.
Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Erik Ingelsson
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* E-mail: erik.ingelsson@medsci.uu.se (EI); i.prokopenko@imperial.ac.uk (IP)
¶These authors are joint senior authors on this work.
Affiliations Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Inga Prokopenko
-
* E-mail: erik.ingelsson@medsci.uu.se (EI); i.prokopenko@imperial.ac.uk (IP)
¶These authors are joint senior authors on this work.
Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- for the European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) consortium
Competing Interests
TF has received honoraria by MSD for lecturing. GT, SG, VSt, UT, and KS are employees of deCODE Genetics/Amgen, a biotechnology company. OHF is the recipient of a grant from Pfizer Nutrition to establish a new center of ageing research: ErasmusAGE. KH received funding via the Finnish Academy (grant number 129418). JK holds grants from the EU FP7 (funding the present research and other projects), US NIH, the Academy of Finland, and several Finnish Foundations. JK consulted for Pfizer Inc. in 2012 on nicotine dependence. LG, GDS, and MIM are members of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: NLP MIM EI IP. Analyzed the data: Meta-analyses: TF SH RM APl KF. Cohort-specific analyses: MH (DIL, WTCCCContr) APS (FTC, FINTWIN, FR, H2000) GT (deCODE) CLa (DGI, MPP, PPP) MKal (EGCUT) MKu (RS) HHMD (NTR) JSR (KORA) NRvZ (GODARTS) VH (NFBC) MM (TwinsUK) ES (MDC-CV) BB (QIMR-AUSTWIN) CPN (GRAPHIC, WTCCCCase) NVR (ERF) KKr (MORGAM) TF (PIVUS, GOSH, TWINGENE, ULSAM) ASHav (FR, H2000) ADe (RS) LAD (GODARTS) MKaa (NFBC) MLN (MORGAM) NR (DIL) RDEB (RS, ERF) AMI (RS, ERF). Statistical insights: APl KF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: Administrative, technical, or material support: PA DA AJB DIB PB PSB GDS EJCD ASFD ADö PE TE AE MMF JF KF OHF CG SG LG ASHal CJH ALH ACH KH AH KHH HH JJH EH TI EI BI AJ MRJ MKal JKe FK JKe PK WK KKu TL JL LL CLi VL EL PAFM NGM MIM AM GWM ADM SM BO MOM CNAP NLP BWJHP MP APe APo CP IP WR NWR SR FR AR VSa NJS MS HS EJGS KSS JHS TDS KS VSt ACS AT UT MDT DAT TMT AGU CMvD EV JBW HW SMW GW JV JW. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: TF SH RM APl KF NLP MIM EI IP. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: TF SH RM APl KF MH APS GT CLa MKal MKu HHMD JSR NRvZ VH MM ES BB CPN NVR KKr HS ASHav ADe LAD MKaa MLN NR RDEB AMI NA AJB PSB ASFD ADö PE TE OHF SG ALH KH KHH HH JJH EH TI AI BI LK JKe WK KKu TL JL CLi VL EL NWR SM APo WR FR AR MS EJGS KSS JHS VSt ACS AT MDT AGU SMW GW JW MP AE JF JV FK DAT DA PA MMF PB ASHal ACH PAFM NGM GWM JBW AJ PK BO CMvD BWJHP GDS JKe NJS CG APe HW DIB EJCD TMT CP CJH TDS LL MOM CNAP ADM LG MRJ VSa EV AH SR AM UT KS NLP MIM EI IP. ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: TF SH RM APl KF MH APS GT CLa MKal MKu HHMD JSR NRvZ VH MM ES BB CPN NVR KKr HS ASHav ADe LAD MKaa MLN NR RDEB AMI NA AJB PSB ASFD ADö PE TE OHF SG ALH KH KHH HH JJH EH TI AI BI LK JKe WK KKu TL JL CLi VL EL NWR SM APo WR FR AR MS EJGS KSS JHS VSt ACS AT MDT AGU SMW GW JW MP AE JF JV FK DAT DA PA MMF PB ASHal ACH PAFM NGM GWM JBW AJ PK BO CMvD BWJHP GDS JKe NJS CG APe HW DIB EJCD TMT CP CJH TDS LL MOM CNAP ADM LG MRJ VSa EV AH SR AM UT KS NLP MIM EI IP. Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: TF SH RM APl KF MH APS GT CLa MKal MKu HHMD JSR NRvZ VH MM ES BB CPN NVR KKr HS ASHav ADe LAD MKaa MLN NR RDEB AMI NA AJB PSB ASFD ADö PE TE OHF SG ALH KH KHH HH JJH EH TI AI BI LK JKe WK KKu TL JL CLi VL EL NWR SM APo WR FR AR MS EJGS KSS JHS VSt ACS AT MDT AGU SMW GW JW MP AE JF JV FK DAT DA PA MMF PB ASHal ACH PAFM NGM GWM JBW AJ PK BO CMvD BWJHP GDS JKe NJS CG APe HW DIB EJCD TMT CP CJH TDS LL MOM CNAP ADM LG MRJ VSa EV AH SR AM UT KS NLP MIM EI IP. Enrolled patients: Acquisition of data: PA DA AJB DIB PB PSB GDS EJCD ASFD ADö PE TE AE MMF JF KF OHF CG SG LG ASHal CJH ALH ACH KH AH KHH HH JJH EH TI EI BI AJ MRJ MKal JKe FK JKe PK WK KKu TL JL LL CLi VL EL PAFM NGM MIM AM GWM ADM SM BO MOM CNAP NLP BWJHP MP APe APo CP IP WR NWR SR FR AR VSa NJS MS EJGS KSS JHS TDS KS VSt ACS AT UT MDT DAT TMT AGU CMvD EV JBW HW SMW GW JV JW. Obtained funding: PA DA AJB DIB PB PSB GDS EJCD ASFD ADö PE TE AE MMF JF KF OHF CG SG LG ASHal CJH ALH ACH KH AH KHH HH JJH EH TI EI BI AJ MRJ MKal JKe FK JKe PK WK KKu TL JL LL CLi VL EL PAFM NGM MIM AM GWM ADM SM BO MOM CNAP NLP BWJHP MP APe APo CP IP WR NWR SR FR AR VSa NJS MS EJGS KSS JHS TDS KS VSt ACS AT UT MDT DAT TMT AGU CMvD EV JBW HW SMW GW JV JW. Statistical analysis: TF SH RM APl KF NLP MIM EI IP MH APS GT CLa MKal MKu HHMD JSR NRvZ VH MM ES BB CPN NVR KKr ASHav ADe LAD MKaa MLN. Access to all of the data in the study and responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis: TF SH RM APl KF NLP MIM EI IP.