About the Authors

Xavier Duval

Affiliations Inserm CIC 007, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France, Inserm U738, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, UFR de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France

Sylvie van der Werf

Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence des virus influenzae (Région-Nord), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Paris, France, CNRS URA3015, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, UFR Sciences du Vivant, Paris, France

Thierry Blanchon

Affiliations Inserm UPMC UMR-S 707, Faculté de médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, UFR de Médecine, U707, Paris, France

Anne Mosnier

Affiliation Réseau des Groupes Régionaux d'Observation de la Grippe (GROG), Coordination nationale, Paris, France

Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp

Affiliations Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre National de Référence des virus influenzae (Région-Sud), GHE, Bron, France, Université Lyon 1, VirPatH, CNRS FRE 3011, Lyon, France

Annick Tibi

Affiliations APHP- Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé, Unité Essais Cliniques, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France

Vincent Enouf

Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence des virus influenzae (Région-Nord), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Paris, France

Cécile Charlois-Ou

Affiliation Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, UFR de Médecine, site Bichat, Laboratoire de Recherche en Pathologie Infectieuse, Paris, France

Corine Vincent

Affiliations Inserm U738, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, UFR de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Unité de Biostatistiques, Paris, France

Laurent Andreoletti

Affiliations Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité de Virologie médicale, Reims, France, Unité de Virologie Médicale et Moléculaire Faculté de Médecine Université Champagne-Ardenne IFR53/EA-4303, Reims, France

Florence Tubach

Affiliations Inserm U738, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, UFR de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France, APHP Hôpital Bichat, Département d'Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Paris, France

Bruno Lina

Affiliations Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre National de Référence des virus influenzae (Région-Sud), GHE, Bron, France, Université Lyon 1, VirPatH, CNRS FRE 3011, Lyon, France

France Mentré

Affiliations Inserm U738, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, UFR de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Unité de Biostatistiques, Paris, France

Catherine Leport

catherine.leport@univ-paris-diderot.fr

Affiliations Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, UFR de Médecine, site Bichat, Laboratoire de Recherche en Pathologie Infectieuse, Paris, France, APHP, Unité de Coordination des Risques Epidémiques et Biologiques, Paris, France

and the Bivir Study Group

Membership of the BIVIR Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

XD has had a conference invitation from GSK and lecture fees from Roche and Gilead. AM has membership in the ministry of health advisory board on influenza; involvement in some epidemiological studies partially or fully granted by Roche and GSK, and travel grants from Roche for participation in scientific meetings. SVDW has had a conference invitation from GSK; research grant from GSK on unrelated subject; joined patent from institution with GSK on unrelated subject; travel grants for meetings from GSK; contribution to clinical trial financed by Roche; member of the advisory committee on influenza of the French ministry of health; is a member of ESWI; is a member of the scientific committee of the GEIG; and is vice-president of the GROG network. FM received fees from Roche, preclinical pharmacokinetic department, for a course on MONOLIX in December 2008. BL has had paid consultancy and board membership (Roche, GSK, Novartis, BioCryst, MedImmune), has had research grants from Roche and Sanofi-Pasteur, and had received travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings (Roche, Sanofi-Pasteur).

Author Contributions

ICMJE criteria for authorship read and met: SvdW TB AM AT VE CCO CV LA FT BL FM CL. Agree with the manuscript's results and conclusions: XD SvdW TB AM MBD AT VE CCO CV LA FT BL FM CL. Designed the experiments/the study: XD SvdW TB AM VE CCO LA BL FM CL. Analyzed the data: XD SvdW TB AM CV LA FT BL FM CL. Collected data/did experiments for the study: XD SvdW TB AM MBD VE CCO FT BL FM CL. Enrolled patients: CCO. Wrote the first draft of the paper: XD SvdW TB BL FM CL. Contributed to the writing of the paper: XD SvdW TB AM MBD AT VE CCO LA FT BL FM CL. Enrolled investigators and took part in the epidemiological surveillance which gave the go-ahead to the study: AM. Responsible for data monitoring: FT. Obtained funding: FM CL.