About the Authors

Amelie M Lutz

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Juergen K Willmann

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Frank V Cochran

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Pritha Ray

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Sanjiv S Gambhir

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sgambhir@stanford.edu

Affiliations Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America , Department of Bioengineering, the Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

SSG designed the mathematical model/strategy. AML, JKW, and SSG designed the experiments/the study. AML and JKW collected data or did experiments for the study. AML and SSG analyzed the data. AML and SSG wrote the first draft of the paper. AML, JKW, FVC, PR, and SSG contributed to the writing of the paper.