About the Authors

Andrea S Foulkes

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: foulkes@schoolph.umass.edu

Affiliation School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

David A Wohl

Affiliation University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Ian Frank

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Elaine Puleo

Affiliation School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stephanie Restine

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Megan L Wolfe

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Michael P Dube

Affiliation Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Pablo Tebas

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Muredach P Reilly

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

ASF, DAW, IF, MPD, PT, and MPR designed the study. ASF and EP performed statistical analysis of the data. MPD enrolled patients. ASF, DAW, IF, MPD, PT, and MPR contributed to writing the paper. ASF, IF and MPR were coauthors of a successful grant application that secured funds to support the data analysis. SR and MLW developed assays for the SNP genotyping, performed the SNP genotyping experiments for the study, and analyzed the resulting scatterplots.