About the Authors

Hongjuan Zhao

Affiliation Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Börje Ljungberg

Affiliation Departments of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology, and Andrology, Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeȧ University, Umeȧ, Sweden

Kjell Grankvist

Affiliation Departments of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology, and Andrology, Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeȧ University, Umeȧ, Sweden

Torgny Rasmuson

Affiliation Departments of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology, and Andrology, Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, and Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeȧ University, Umeȧ, Sweden

Robert Tibshirani

Affiliation Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

James D Brooks

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jdbrooks@stanford.edu

Affiliation Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

BL and JDB designed the study. HZ, BL, KG, and TR performed the experiments. HZ, RT, and JDB analyzed the data. HZ, BL, RT, and JDB contributed to writing the paper.