About the Authors

Kathleen Hempenstall

Affiliation Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, United Kingdom

Turo J Nurmikko

Affiliation Department of Neurological Science, School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

Robert W Johnson

Affiliation Bristol Royal Infirmary and University of Bristol, United Kingdom

Roger P A'Hern

Affiliation Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Andrew S.C Rice

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: a.rice@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

Author Contributions

KH and ASCR designed the study. KH, TJN, RWJ, RPA, and ASCR analyzed the data. KH, TJN, RWJ, RPA, and ASCR contributed to writing the paper.