About the Authors

Winslow C. Johnson

Contributed equally to this work with: Winslow C. Johnson, Alison J. Ordway

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Alison J. Ordway

Contributed equally to this work with: Winslow C. Johnson, Alison J. Ordway

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Masayoshi Watada

Affiliation Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan

Jonathan N. Pruitt

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Thomas M. Williams

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America

Mark Rebeiz

rebeiz@pitt.edu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MR TMW. Performed the experiments: WCJ AJO. Analyzed the data: WCJ AJO JNP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MW JNP. Wrote the paper: MR TMW AJO. Collected D. auraria strains: MW. Analyzed geographical trends in pigmentation: JNP.