About the Authors

Nicholas J. Croucher

nc3@sanger.ac.uk (NJC); t.j.mitchell@bham.ac.uk (TJM)

Affiliations Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Andrea M. Mitchell

Affiliation Institute of Microbiology and Infection and School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Katherine A. Gould

Affiliation Bacterial Microarray Group, Division of Clinical Sciences, St. George's Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Donald Inverarity

Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Lars Barquist

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Theresa Feltwell

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Maria C. Fookes

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Simon R. Harris

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Janina Dordel

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Susannah J. Salter

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Sarah Browall

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Helena Zemlickova

Affiliation National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic

Julian Parkhill

Affiliation Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Staffan Normark

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Birgitta Henriques-Normark

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Jason Hinds

Affiliation Bacterial Microarray Group, Division of Clinical Sciences, St. George's Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Tim J. Mitchell

nc3@sanger.ac.uk (NJC); t.j.mitchell@bham.ac.uk (TJM)

Affiliation Institute of Microbiology and Infection and School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Stephen D. Bentley

Affiliations Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NJC DI JP SN BHN TJM SDB. Performed the experiments: NJC AMM KAG DI TF MCF SJS SB HZ JH. Analyzed the data: NJC AMM DI LB SRH JD JH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SB HZ SN BHN TJM DI. Wrote the paper: NJC SDB JP TJM.