About the Authors

Niraj K. Nirala

Contributed equally to this work with: Niraj K. Nirala, Motiur Rahman

Affiliations Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Motiur Rahman

Contributed equally to this work with: Niraj K. Nirala, Motiur Rahman

Affiliations Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stanley M. Walls

Affiliation Cell and Molecular Biology Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America

Alka Singh

Affiliations Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lihua Julie Zhu

Affiliations Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Takeshi Bamba

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Eiichiro Fukusaki

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Sargur M. Srideshikan

Affiliation Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Greg L. Harris

Affiliation Cell and Molecular Biology Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America

Y. Tony Ip

Affiliation Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rolf Bodmer

Affiliation Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Usha R. Acharya

usha.acharya@umassmed.edu

Affiliations Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: URA TB RB. Performed the experiments: NKN MR URA SMW AS TB. Analyzed the data: URA TB EF GLH YTI RB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NKN MR URA SMW LJZ SMS. Wrote the paper: URA.