About the Authors

Rumen L. Kostadinov

Affiliations Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Mary K. Kuhner

Affiliation Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Xiaohong Li

Affiliations Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Carissa A. Sanchez

Affiliations Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Patricia C. Galipeau

Affiliations Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Thomas G. Paulson

Affiliations Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Cassandra L. Sather

Affiliation Genomics Resource, DNA Array Laboratory, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Amitabh Srivastava

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert D. Odze

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Patricia L. Blount

Affiliations Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Thomas L. Vaughan

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Brian J. Reid

Affiliations Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Carlo C. Maley

cmaley@alum.mit.edu

Affiliations Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Evolution and Cancer, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RLK MKK CAS PCG TGP XL PLB TLV BJR CCM. Performed the experiments: RLK CAS TGP CLS RDO AS PLB. Analyzed the data: RLK MKK CAS PCG TGP XL PLB TLV BJR CCM. Wrote the paper: RLK MKK CAS PCG TGP XL CLS AS RDO PLB TLV BJR CCM. Provided pathology diagnoses and analysis of crypts from histopathology slides: RDO AS. Contributed to design of all computational methods: RLK MKK CCM XL. Implemented all computational methods and generated all results and plots of the data: RLK. Enrolled patients: PLB BJR. Collected the tissue samples: PLB. Collected and managed NSAID data: TLV.