About the Authors

Roy R. Chaudhuri

Contributed equally to this work with: Roy R. Chaudhuri, Eirwen Morgan

Current address: Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Eirwen Morgan

Contributed equally to this work with: Roy R. Chaudhuri, Eirwen Morgan

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Sarah E. Peters

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stephen J. Pleasance

Current address: Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Debra L. Hudson

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Holly M. Davies

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Jinhong Wang

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Pauline M. van Diemen

Current address: The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Anthony M. Buckley

Current address: Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Alison J. Bowen

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Gillian D. Pullinger

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Daniel J. Turner

Current address: Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, United Kingdom

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Gemma C. Langridge

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

A. Keith Turner

Current address: Discuva, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Julian Parkhill

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Ian G. Charles

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Australia

Duncan J. Maskell

djm47@cam.ac.uk

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mark P. Stevens

Current address: The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RRC EM SEP SJP DJT JP IGC DJM MPS. Performed the experiments: EM SEP SJP DLH HMD JW PMvD AMB AJB GDP DJT GCL AKT. Analyzed the data: RRC IGC DJM MPS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RRC SEP AKT. Wrote the paper: RRC EM SEP JP IGC DJM MPS.