About the Authors
- Frances M. K. Williams
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Serena Scollen
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Affiliation Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Dandan Cao
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Affiliation BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Yasin Memari
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Craig L. Hyde
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Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Baohong Zhang
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Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Benjamin Sidders
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Affiliation Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Daniel Ziemek
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Affiliation Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Yujian Shi
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Affiliation BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Juliette Harris
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ian Harrow
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Affiliation Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
- Brian Dougherty
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Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Anders Malarstig
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Affiliation Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Robert McEwen
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Affiliation Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
- Joel C. Stephens
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Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Ketan Patel
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Affiliation Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
- Cristina Menni
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- So-Youn Shin
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Dylan Hodgkiss
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Gabriela Surdulescu
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Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wen He
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Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Xin Jin
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Affiliations BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Stephen B. McMahon
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Affiliation Wolfson CARD, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Nicole Soranzo
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Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector
Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Sally John
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Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector
Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
- Jun Wang
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Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector
* E-mail: wangjun30@gmail.com (JW); tim.spector@kcl.ac.uk (TDS)
Affiliations BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Tim D. Spector
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Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector
* E-mail: wangjun30@gmail.com (JW); tim.spector@kcl.ac.uk (TDS)
Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: SJ TDS FMKW SS CLH BD IH NS SBM. Performed the experiments: YS XJ JW JH GS DH FMKW RM. Analyzed the data: YS NS CLH BZ DZ BS JCS KP CM S-YS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YS XJ JW NS YM DZ BS DC WH. Wrote the paper: FMKW SS CLH YM BZ TDS SJ AM JCS SBM.