About the Authors

Frances M. K. Williams

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Serena Scollen

Affiliation Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Dandan Cao

Affiliation BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China

Yasin Memari

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Craig L. Hyde

Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America

Baohong Zhang

Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America

Benjamin Sidders

Affiliation Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Daniel Ziemek

Affiliation Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yujian Shi

Affiliation BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China

Juliette Harris

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Ian Harrow

Affiliation Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom

Brian Dougherty

Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America

Anders Malarstig

Affiliation Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Robert McEwen

Affiliation Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom

Joel C. Stephens

Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America

Ketan Patel

Affiliation Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom

Cristina Menni

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

So-Youn Shin

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Dylan Hodgkiss

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Gabriela Surdulescu

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Wen He

Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America

Xin Jin

Affiliations BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

Stephen B. McMahon

Affiliation Wolfson CARD, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Nicole Soranzo

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Sally John

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector

Affiliation Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America

Jun Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector

wangjun30@gmail.com (JW); tim.spector@kcl.ac.uk (TDS)

Affiliations BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tim D. Spector

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Sally John, Jun Wang, Tim D. Spector

wangjun30@gmail.com (JW); tim.spector@kcl.ac.uk (TDS)

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SJ TDS FMKW SS CLH BD IH NS SBM. Performed the experiments: YS XJ JW JH GS DH FMKW RM. Analyzed the data: YS NS CLH BZ DZ BS JCS KP CM S-YS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YS XJ JW NS YM DZ BS DC WH. Wrote the paper: FMKW SS CLH YM BZ TDS SJ AM JCS SBM.