About the Authors

Cristian Pattaro

Contributed equally to this work with: Cristian Pattaro, Anna Köttgen, Alexander Teumer, Maija Garnaas, Carsten A. Böger

Affiliation Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) and Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy

Anna Köttgen

Contributed equally to this work with: Cristian Pattaro, Anna Köttgen, Alexander Teumer, Maija Garnaas, Carsten A. Böger

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Renal Division, Freiburg University Clinic, Freiburg, Germany

Alexander Teumer

Contributed equally to this work with: Cristian Pattaro, Anna Köttgen, Alexander Teumer, Maija Garnaas, Carsten A. Böger

Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Maija Garnaas

Contributed equally to this work with: Cristian Pattaro, Anna Köttgen, Alexander Teumer, Maija Garnaas, Carsten A. Böger

Affiliation Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Carsten A. Böger

Contributed equally to this work with: Cristian Pattaro, Anna Köttgen, Alexander Teumer, Maija Garnaas, Carsten A. Böger

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Christian Fuchsberger

Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Matthias Olden

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany

Ming-Huei Chen

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Adrienne Tin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Daniel Taliun

Affiliation Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) and Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy

Man Li

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Xiaoyi Gao

Affiliation Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Mathias Gorski

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Qiong Yang

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Claudia Hundertmark

Affiliation Renal Division, Freiburg University Clinic, Freiburg, Germany

Meredith C. Foster

Affiliation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Conall M. O'Seaghdha

Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nicole Glazer

Affiliation Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Aaron Isaacs

Affiliations Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands

Ching-Ti Liu

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Albert V. Smith

Affiliations Icelandic Heart Association, Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Jeffrey R. O'Connell

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Maksim Struchalin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Toshiko Tanaka

Affiliation Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Guo Li

Affiliation University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Andrew D. Johnson

Affiliation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hinco J. Gierman

Affiliation Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Mary Feitosa

Affiliation Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Shih-Jen Hwang

Affiliation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Elizabeth J. Atkinson

Affiliation Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Kurt Lohman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Marilyn C. Cornelis

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Åsa Johansson

Affiliation Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Anke Tönjes

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Abbas Dehghan

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Vincent Chouraki

Affiliation Inserm UMR744, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France

Elizabeth G. Holliday

Affiliations Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia, Centre for Information-based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia

Rossella Sorice

Affiliation Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano-Buzzati Traverso”–CNR, Napoli, Italy

Zoltan Kutalik

Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland

Terho Lehtimäki

Affiliation Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Centre for Laboratory Medicine Tampere Finn-Medi 2, Tampere, Finland

Tõnu Esko

Affiliations Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu (EGCUT), Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocenter and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Harshal Deshmukh

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Sheila Ulivi

Affiliation Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy

Audrey Y. Chu

Affiliation Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Federico Murgia

Affiliation Institute of Population Genetics – CNR, Sassari, Italy

Stella Trompet

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Medea Imboden

Affiliation Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland

Barbara Kollerits

Affiliation Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

Giorgio Pistis

Affiliation Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

CARDIoGRAM Consortium
ICBP Consortium
CARe Consortium
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2)
Tamara B. Harris

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, NIA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Lenore J. Launer

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, NIA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Thor Aspelund

Affiliations Icelandic Heart Association, Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Gudny Eiriksdottir

Affiliation Icelandic Heart Association, Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland

Braxton D. Mitchell

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Eric Boerwinkle

Affiliation Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Helena Schmidt

Affiliation Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

Margherita Cavalieri

Affiliation Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, University Clinic of Neurology, Department of Special Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

Madhumathi Rao

Affiliation Division of Nephrology/Tufts Evidence Practice Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Frank B. Hu

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ayse Demirkan

Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Ben A. Oostra

Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Mariza de Andrade

Affiliation Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Stephen T. Turner

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Jingzhong Ding

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Jeanette S. Andrews

Affiliation Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Barry I. Freedman

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Wolfgang Koenig

Affiliation Abteilung Innere II, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany

Thomas Illig

Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Angela Döring

Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

H.-Erich Wichmann

Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Klinikum Grosshadern, Neuherberg, Germany

Ivana Kolcic

Affiliation Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia

Tatijana Zemunik

Affiliation Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia

Mladen Boban

Affiliation Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia

Cosetta Minelli

Affiliation Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) and Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy

Heather E. Wheeler

Affiliations Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Wilmar Igl

Affiliation Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Ghazal Zaboli

Affiliation Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Sarah H. Wild

Affiliation Center for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Alan F. Wright

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Harry Campbell

Affiliation Center for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

David Ellinghaus

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany

Ute Nöthlings

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany, popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany

Gunnar Jacobs

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany, popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany

Reiner Biffar

Affiliation Clinic for Prosthodontic Dentistry, Gerostomatology, and Material Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Karlhans Endlich

Affiliation Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Florian Ernst

Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Georg Homuth

Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Heyo K. Kroemer

Affiliation Institute of Pharmacology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Matthias Nauck

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Sylvia Stracke

Affiliation Clinic for Internal Medicine A, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Uwe Völker

Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Henry Völzke

Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Peter Kovacs

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Michael Stumvoll

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Reedik Mägi

Affiliations Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu (EGCUT), Tartu, Estonia, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Albert Hofman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Andre G. Uitterlinden

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Fernando Rivadeneira

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Yurii S. Aulchenko

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Ozren Polasek

Affiliation Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia

Nick Hastie

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Veronique Vitart

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Catherine Helmer

Affiliations INSERM U897, Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, ISPED, Bordeaux, France, Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France

Jie Jin Wang

Affiliations Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Daniela Ruggiero

Affiliation Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano-Buzzati Traverso”–CNR, Napoli, Italy

Sven Bergmann

Affiliation Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland

Mika Kähönen

Affiliation Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

Jorma Viikari

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

Tiit Nikopensius

Affiliation Estonian Biocenter and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Michael Province

Affiliation Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Shamika Ketkar

Affiliation Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Helen Colhoun

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Alex Doney

Affiliation NHS Tayside, Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Antonietta Robino

Affiliation Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,” University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Franco Giulianini

Affiliation Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bernhard K. Krämer

Affiliation University Medical Centre Mannheim, 5th Department of Medicine, Mannheim, Germany

Laura Portas

Affiliation Institute of Population Genetics – CNR, Sassari, Italy

Ian Ford

Affiliation Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Brendan M. Buckley

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Martin Adam

Affiliation Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland

Gian-Andri Thun

Affiliation Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland

Bernhard Paulweber

Affiliation First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

Margot Haun

Affiliation Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

Cinzia Sala

Affiliation Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

Marie Metzger

Affiliation Inserm UMRS 1018, CESP Team 10, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France

Paul Mitchell

Affiliation Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Marina Ciullo

Affiliation Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano-Buzzati Traverso”–CNR, Napoli, Italy

Stuart K. Kim

Affiliations Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Peter Vollenweider

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

Olli Raitakari

Affiliation Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Andres Metspalu

Affiliations Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu (EGCUT), Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocenter and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Colin Palmer

Affiliation Biomedical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Paolo Gasparini

Affiliation Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,” University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Mario Pirastu

Affiliation Institute of Population Genetics – CNR, Sassari, Italy

J. Wouter Jukema

Affiliations Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands, Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Nicole M. Probst-Hensch

Affiliation Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland

Florian Kronenberg

Affiliation Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

Daniela Toniolo

Affiliation Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

Vilmundur Gudnason

Affiliations Icelandic Heart Association, Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Alan R. Shuldiner

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Josef Coresh

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Reinhold Schmidt

Affiliation Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, University Clinic of Neurology, Department of Special Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

Luigi Ferrucci

Affiliation Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

David S. Siscovick

Affiliation University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Cornelia M. van Duijn

Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Ingrid Borecki

Affiliation Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Sharon L. R. Kardia

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Yongmei Liu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Gary C. Curhan

Affiliation Brigham and Women's Hospital and Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Igor Rudan

Affiliation Center for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Ulf Gyllensten

Affiliation Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

James F. Wilson

Affiliation Center for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Andre Franke

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany

Peter P. Pramstaller

Affiliation Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) and Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy

Rainer Rettig

Affiliation Institute of Physiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Inga Prokopenko

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jacqueline C. M. Witteman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Caroline Hayward

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Paul Ridker

Affiliations Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Afshin Parsa

Affiliation Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Murielle Bochud

Affiliation University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland

Iris M. Heid

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Wolfram Goessling

These authors were joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Divisions of Genetics and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Daniel I. Chasman

These authors were joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

W. H. Linda Kao

foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov (CSF); wkao@jhsph.edu (WHL Kao)

These authors were joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Caroline S. Fox

foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov (CSF); wkao@jhsph.edu (WHL Kao)

These authors were joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Study design: V Gudnason, TB Harris, LJ Launer, G Eiriksdottir, A Parsa, A Köttgen, WHL Kao, R Schmidt, L Ferrucci, DS Siscovick, BA Oostra, CM van Duijn, I Borecki, CS Fox, FB Hu, CA Böger, M Gorski, T Illig, A Döring, HE Wichmann, IM Heid, I Rudan, PP Pramstaller, GC Curhan, U Gyllensten, JF Wilson, SH Wild, AF Wright, H Campbell, A Hofman, AG Uitterlinden, JCM Witteman, R Biffar, K Endlich, R Rettig, S Stracke, H Völzke, P Kovacs, A Tönjes, O Polasek, N Hastie, C Hayward, V Vitart, DI Chasman, P Ridker, C Helmer, A Metspalu, JJ Wang, P Mitchell, M Province, X Gao, M Ciullo, P Vollenweider, M Pirastu, B Paulweber, D Toniolo, T Lehtimäki, O Raitakari, M Kähönen, J Viikari, P Gasparini, H Colhoun, A Doney, C Palmer, H Deshmukh, S Trompet, I Ford, BM Buckley, JW Jukema, NM Probst-Hensch. Study management: V Gudnason, TB Harris, LJ Launer, G Eiriksdottir, A Parsa, WHL Kao, R Schmidt, H Schmidt, M Cavalieri, L Ferrucci, DS Siscovick, A Isaacs, BA Oostra, CM van Duijn, I Borecki, CS Fox, J Ding, Y Liu, MC Cornelis, FB Hu, W Koenig, T Illig, A Döring, HE Wichmann, I Rudan, I Kolcic, T Zemunik, M Boban, C Pattaro, PP Pramstaller, GC Curhan, A Johansson, G Zaboli, U Gyllensten, JF Wilson, SH Wild, U Nöthlings, A Hofman, AG Uitterlinden, JCM Witteman, R Biffar, K Endlich, R Rettig, U Völker, H Völkze, M Stumvoll, A Tönjes, O Polasek, N Hastie, C Hayward, V Vitart, DI Chasman, P Ridker, C Helmer, A Metspalu, JJ Wang, P Mitchell, M Province, X Gao, M Ciullo, M Bochud, P Vollenweider, M Pirastu, B Kollerits, M Haun, B Paulweber, F Kronenberg, D Toniolo, T Lehtimäki, O Raitakari, M Kähönen, J Viikari, P Gasparini, F Giulianini, H Colhoun, A Doney, C Palmer, H Deshmukh, S Trompet, I Ford, BM Buckley, JW Jukema, BK Krämer, NM Probst-Hensch, M Imboden. Subject recruitment: G Eiriksdottir, AR Shuldiner, BD Mitchell, J Coresh, R Schmidt, M Cavalieri, DS Siscovick, BA Oostra, CM van Duijn, TB Harris, T Illig, A Döring, HE Wichmann, I Rudan, I Kolcic, PP Pramstaller, A Johansson, JF Wilson, SH Wild, A Hofman, AG Uitterlinden, JCM Witteman, R Biffar, R Rettig, S Stracke, H Völkze, A Tönjes, O Polasek, C Helmer, P Mitchell, M Ciullo, P Vollenweider, M Pirastu, B Paulweber, D Toniolo, O Raitakari, M Kähönen, J Viikari, S Ulivi, A Robino, P Ridker, H Colhoun, A Doney, C Palmer, I Ford, BM Buckley, JW Jukema, NM Probst-Hensch. Genotyping: AR Shuldiner, BD Mitchell, E Boerwinkle, H Schmidt, A Isaacs, A Demirkan, BA Oostra, CM van Duijn, M de Andrade, EJ Atkinson, ST Turner, SLR Kardia, Y Liu, CA Böger, M Gorski, T Illig, HE Wichmann, IM Heid, JF Wilson, H Campbell, A Franke, AG Uitterlinden, F Rivadeneira, F Ernst, G Homuth, HK Kroemer, M Nauck, U Völker, M Stumvoll, O Polasek, C Hayward, DI Chasman, T Esko, M Haun, F Kronenberg, T Lehtimäki, F Giulianini, S Trompet, JW Jukema. Statistical methods and analysis: T Aspelund, AV Smith, A Parsa, JR O'Connell, A Köttgen, WHL Kao, A Tin, C Hundertmark, M Struchalin, T Tanaka, G Li, A Isaacs, A Demirkan, M Feitosa, CS Fox, MH Chen, MC Foster, SJ Hwang, Q Yang, K Lohman, JS Andrews, Y Liu, MC Cornelis, CA Böger, M Gorski, IM Heid, C Pattaro, D Taliun, C Fuchsberger, C Minelli, A Johansson, W Igl, D Ellinghaus, A Franke, A Dehghan, F Rivadeneira, YS Aulchenko, A Teumer, I Prokopenko, R Mägi, C Hayward, V Vitart, DI Chasman, T Esko, EG Holliday, X Gao, S Ketkar, D Ruggiero, R Sorice, Z Kutalik, S Bergmann, F Murgia, L Portas, B Kollerits, F Kronenberg, G Pistis, S Ulivi, A Robino, AY Chu, H Colhoun, A Doney, C Palmer, H Deshmukh, I Ford, NM Probst-Hensch, M Adam, GA Thun, M Olden, M Li, N Glazer, HJ Gierman, V Chouraki, HE Wheeler, G Jacobs, T Nikopensius, M Metzger. Bioinformatics: AV Smith, JR O'Connell, C Hundertmark, M Struchalin, G Li, MH Chen, Q Yang, K Lohman, JS Andrews, Y Liu, MC Cornelis, CA Böger, M Gorski, IM Heid, C Pattaro, D Taliun, C Fuchsberger, A Johansson, W Igl, D Ellinghaus, A Dehghan, F Rivadeneira, YS Aulchenko, HK Kroemer, A Teumer, I Prokopenko, R Mägi, DI Chasman, T Esko, D Ruggiero, R Sorice, S Bergmann, F Murgia, L Portas, G Pistis, C Sala, T Lehtimäki, O Raitakari, S Ulivi, F Giulianini, S Trompet, I Ford, M Imboden, C-T Liu, AD Johnson, SK Kim. Zebrafish studies: M Garnaas, W Goessling. Interpretation of results: V Gudnason, TB Harris, LJ Launer, AV Smith, A Parsa, A Köttgen, WHL Kao, A Tin, DS Siscovick, G Li, M Rao, A Isaacs, MH Chen, MC Foster, SJ Hwang, Q Yang, J Ding, K Lohman, Y Liu, CA Böger, M Gorski, IM Heid, I Rudan, T Zemunik, M Boban, C Pattaro, D Taliun, A Johansson, W Igl, G Zaboli, U Gyllensten, JF Wilson, SH Wild, R Biffar, K Endlich, HK Kroemer, M Nauck, R Rettig, S Stracke, A Teumer, U Völker, H Völkze, O Polasek, N Hastie, C Hayward, V Vitart, DI Chasman, BI Freedman, T Esko, A Metspalu, EG Holliday, I Borecki, M Province, X Gao, M Ciullo, M Bochud, B Kollerits, M Haun, B Paulweber, F Kronenberg, D Toniolo, G Pistis, C Sala, AY Chu, S Trompet, JW Jukema, M Garnaas, W Goessling, CS Fox. Wrote the manuscript: C Pattaro, A Köttgen, A Teumer, M Garnaas, CA Böger, C Fuchsberger, A Tin, CM O'Seaghdha, A Parsa, M Bochud, IM Heid, W Goessling, DI Chasman, WHL Kao, CS Fox.