About the Authors

Guillaume Lettre

Affiliations Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

Cameron D. Palmer

Contributed equally to this work with: Cameron D. Palmer, Taylor Young, Kenechi G. Ejebe

Affiliations Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Taylor Young

Contributed equally to this work with: Cameron D. Palmer, Taylor Young, Kenechi G. Ejebe

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kenechi G. Ejebe

Contributed equally to this work with: Cameron D. Palmer, Taylor Young, Kenechi G. Ejebe

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hooman Allayee

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Emelia J. Benjamin

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Franklyn Bennett

Affiliation Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica

Donald W. Bowden

Affiliation Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Aravinda Chakravarti

Affiliation McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Al Dreisbach

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

Deborah N. Farlow

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Aaron R. Folsom

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Myriam Fornage

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Terrence Forrester

Affiliation Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica

Ervin Fox

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

Christopher A. Haiman

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jaana Hartiala

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Tamara B. Harris

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Stanley L. Hazen

Affiliation Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiovascular Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Susan R. Heckbert

Affiliations Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Brian E. Henderson

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Joel N. Hirschhorn

Affiliations Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Brendan J. Keating

Affiliation Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Stephen B. Kritchevsky

Affiliation J. Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Emma Larkin

Affiliation Case Western Reserve University, Center for Clinical Investigation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Mingyao Li

Affiliation Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Megan E. Rudock

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Colin A. McKenzie

Affiliation Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica

James B. Meigs

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yang A. Meng

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Tom H. Mosley Jr.

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

Anne B. Newman

Affiliation Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Christopher H. Newton-Cheh

Affiliations Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Dina N. Paltoo

Affiliation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

George J. Papanicolaou

Affiliation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Nick Patterson

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Wendy S. Post

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Bruce M. Psaty

Affiliations Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Atif N. Qasim

Affiliation The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Liming Qu

Affiliation Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Daniel J. Rader

Affiliations The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Susan Redline

Affiliation Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Muredach P. Reilly

Affiliations The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Alexander P. Reiner

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Stephen S. Rich

Affiliation Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Jerome I. Rotter

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Yongmei Liu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Peter Shrader

Affiliation General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David S. Siscovick

Affiliations Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

W. H. Wilson Tang

Affiliation Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiovascular Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Herman A. Taylor Jr.

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Mississippi, United States of America

Russell P. Tracy

Affiliation Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, United States of America

Ramachandran S. Vasan

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kevin M. Waters

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Rainford Wilks

Affiliation Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica

James G. Wilson

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

Richard R. Fabsitz

Affiliation National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Stacey B. Gabriel

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sekar Kathiresan

Affiliations Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eric Boerwinkle

Eric.Boerwinkle@uth.tmc.edu

Affiliation Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

JBM has a research grant from GSK and a consulting agreement with Interleukin Genetics, SLH reports being listed as co-inventor on pending and issued patents held by the Cleveland Clinic relating to cardiovascular diagnostics. SLH reports having been paid as a consultant or speaker for the following companies: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, BG Medicine, Merck & Co., Pfizer Takeda, Esperion, and Cleveland Heart Lab. SLH reports receiving research funds from Abbott, Liposcience, and Cleveland Heart Lab. WHWT reports receiving research grant support from Abbott Laboratories.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GL TY KGE SK EB. Performed the experiments: GL CDP KGE. Analyzed the data: GL CDP KGE SK EB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GL CDP TY KGE HA EJB FB DWB AC AD DNF ARF MF TF EF CAH JH TBH SLH SRH BEH JNH BJK SBK EL ML MER CAM JBM YAM THM ABN CHNC DNP GJP NP WSP BMP ANQ LQ DJR SR MPR APR SSR JIR YL PS DSS WHWT HAT RPT RSV KMW RW JGW RRF SBG SK EB. Wrote the paper: GL EB.