About the Authors

Shiro Maeda

smaeda@src.riken.jp

Affiliation Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Masa-aki Kobayashi

Affiliations Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Shin-ichi Araki

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

Tetsuya Babazono

Affiliation The Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Barry I. Freedman

Affiliation Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Meredith A. Bostrom

Affiliation Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Jessica N. Cooke

Affiliation Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Masao Toyoda

Affiliation Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan

Tomoya Umezono

Affiliation Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan

Lise Tarnow

Affiliation Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark

Torben Hansen

Affiliations Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Peter Gaede

Affiliation Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark

Anders Jorsal

Affiliation Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark

Daniel P. K. Ng

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Minoru Ikeda

Affiliation Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Toru Yanagimoto

Affiliation Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Tatsuhiko Tsunoda

Affiliation Laboratory for Medical Informatics, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Hiroyuki Unoki

Affiliation Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Koichi Kawai

Affiliation Kawai Clinic, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Masahito Imanishi

Affiliation Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan

Daisuke Suzuki

Affiliation Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan

Hyoung Doo Shin

Affiliation Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea

Kyong Soo Park

Affiliations Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Atsunori Kashiwagi

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

Yasuhiko Iwamoto

Affiliation The Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Kohei Kaku

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan

Ryuzo Kawamori

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

Hans-Henrik Parving

Affiliations Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Donald W. Bowden

Affiliation Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Oluf Pedersen

Affiliations Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Yusuke Nakamura

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SM YN. Performed the experiments: SM MaK MI TY HU HDS KSP. Analyzed the data: SM BIF DPKN TT HDS KSP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SiA TB BIF MAB JNC MT TU LT TH PG AJ DPKN KK MI DS HDS KSP AK YI KK RK HHP DWB OP. Wrote the paper: SM BIF TH OP. Performed real-time PCR: MK TY. Performed transfection experiments: MK HU. Performed European American study: BIF MAB JNC DWB. Performed Danish Type 1 diabetes study: LT AJ HHP. Performed Danish Steno-2 study: TH PG OP. Performed Singapore study: DPKN. Performed in situ hybridization: MI. Performed Korean study: HDS KSP.