About the Authors
- Melanie Kolz
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Contributed equally to this work with: Melanie Kolz, Toby Johnson
Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Toby Johnson
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Contributed equally to this work with: Melanie Kolz, Toby Johnson
Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland, University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Serena Sanna
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Cagliari, Italy
- Alexander Teumer
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Veronique Vitart
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Markus Perola
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliations Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, FIMM, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Massimo Mangino
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation DTR Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Eva Albrecht
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chris Wallace
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation The Diabetes Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Martin Farrall
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Åsa Johansson
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Dale R. Nyholt
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¶These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Yurii Aulchenko
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Jacques S. Beckmann
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Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sven Bergmann
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Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Murielle Bochud
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Affiliation University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Morris Brown
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Affiliation Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Harry Campbell
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Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- for the EUROSPAN Consortium
- John Connell
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Affiliation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Anna Dominiczak
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Affiliation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Georg Homuth
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Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Claudia Lamina
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Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Mark I. McCarthy
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Affiliations The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- for the ENGAGE Consortium
- Thomas Meitinger
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Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Vincent Mooser
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Affiliation Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Patricia Munroe
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Affiliation The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
- Matthias Nauck
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Affiliation Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- John Peden
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Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Holger Prokisch
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Affiliation Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Perttu Salo
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Affiliations Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, FIMM, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Veikko Salomaa
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Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Nilesh J. Samani
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- David Schlessinger
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Affiliation Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Manuela Uda
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Affiliation Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Cagliari, Italy
- Uwe Völker
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Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Gérard Waeber
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Affiliation Department of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dawn Waterworth
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Affiliation Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Rui Wang-Sattler
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Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Alan F. Wright
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Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Jerzy Adamski
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Affiliation Genome Analysis Centre, Institute for Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- John B. Whitfield
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Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Ulf Gyllensten
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Affiliation Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- James F. Wilson
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Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Igor Rudan
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Affiliations Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia, Gen-Info, Zagreb, Croatia
- Peter Pramstaller
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Affiliations Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University Lübeck, Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Hugh Watkins
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Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- for the PROCARDIS Consortium
- Angela Doering
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Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- H.-Erich Wichmann
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Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany, IBE, Chair of Epidemiology, University of Munich, Germany
- for the KORA Study
- Tim D. Spector
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Affiliation DTR Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Leena Peltonen
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Affiliations FIMM, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Henry Völzke
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Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Ramaiah Nagaraja
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Affiliation Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Peter Vollenweider
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Affiliation Department of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Mark Caulfield
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Affiliation The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
- for the WTCCC
- Thomas Illig
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Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Christian Gieger
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* E-mail: christian.gieger@helmholtz-muenchen.de
Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Competing Interests
Vincent Mooser and Dawn Waterworth are full-time employees of GlaxoSmithKline, a pharmaceutical company. Peter Vollenweider and Gerard Waeber received financial support from GlaxoSmithKline to build the CoLaus study.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: AFW JA JBW UG JFW IR PP HW AD HEW TDS LP HV RN PV MC TI CG. Performed the experiments: HP RWS. Analyzed the data: MK TJ SS AT VV MP MM EA CW MF ÅJ DRN YA CL PS RWS CG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JSB SB MB MB HC JC AD GH MIM TM VM PM MN JP VS NJS DS MU UV GW DW TI. Wrote the paper: MK TJ CG. Conducted meta-analysis: MK TJ EA CG.