About the Authors

Craig D. Millar

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Andrew Dodd

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Jennifer Anderson

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Gillian C. Gibb

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Peter A. Ritchie

Current address: School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Carlo Baroni

Affiliations Dipartmento Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Centro Studio Geologia Strutturale, Pisa, Italy

Michael D. Woodhams

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Michael D. Hendy

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Palmerston North, Palmerston North, New Zealand

David M. Lambert

d.lambert@griffith.edu.au

Current address: Griffith School of Environment and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia

Affiliation Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CDM DML. Performed the experiments: AD JA GCG PAR. Analyzed the data: CDM AD PAR CB MDW MDH DML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AD CB MDW MDH. Wrote the paper: CDM DML. Contributed to the fieldwork: GCG PAR CB. Contributed to the development of the mathematical model: MDW MDH. Conducted the field studies: CDM DML.