About the Authors

Constant V. Edi

Contributed equally to this work with: Constant V. Edi, Luc Djogbénou

Affiliations Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

Luc Djogbénou

Contributed equally to this work with: Constant V. Edi, Luc Djogbénou

Affiliations Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Institut Régional de Santé Publique/Université d ‘Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Bénin

Adam M. Jenkins

Affiliation Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kimberly Regna

Affiliation Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marc A. T. Muskavitch

Affiliation Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rodolphe Poupardin

Affiliation Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Christopher M. Jones

Affiliation Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

John Essandoh

Affiliations Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

Guillaume K. Kétoh

Affiliation Unité de Recherche en Ecotoxicologie (URET), Faculty of Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo

Mark J. I. Paine

Affiliation Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Benjamin G. Koudou

Affiliations Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Université Nangui-Abrogoua, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Martin J. Donnelly

Affiliations Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Hilary Ranson

Affiliation Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

David Weetman

dweetman@liv.ac.uk

Affiliation Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DW HR CVE LD MATM MJD BGK. Performed the experiments: CVE LD AMJ KR RP. Analyzed the data: DW CVE LD AMJ RP MJD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CMJ GKK MATM JE MJIP. Wrote the paper: CVE LD AMJ DW HR RP.