About the Authors

Zhemin Zhou

Contributed equally to this work with: Zhemin Zhou, Angela McCann

Current address: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Affiliation Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Angela McCann

Contributed equally to this work with: Zhemin Zhou, Angela McCann

Current address: Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Affiliation Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Eva Litrup

Current address: Statens Serum Institut, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Copenhagen, Denmark

Affiliation Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Ronan Murphy

Affiliation Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Martin Cormican

Affiliation National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Bacteriology Department, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland

Seamus Fanning

Affiliation University College Dublin Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Dublin, Ireland

Derek Brown

Affiliation Scottish Salmonella, Shigella and Clostridium difficile Reference Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom

David S. Guttman

Affiliation Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Sylvain Brisse

Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Paris, France

Mark Achtman

achtmanmark@gmail.com

Current address: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Affiliation Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ZZ AM EL SB MA. Performed the experiments: ZZ AM EL RM DB DSG SB. Analyzed the data: ZZ AM DB SB MA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZZ AM MC SF DB DSG SB. Wrote the paper: ZZ AM MA. Discussed the manuscript: ZZ AM EL MC DSG SB MA.