About the Authors

Michael Inouye

minouye@unimelb.edu.au

Affiliations Medical Systems Biology, Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Samuli Ripatti

Affiliations Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Johannes Kettunen

Affiliations Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen

Affiliation Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland

Niku Oksala

Affiliations Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

Pirkka-Pekka Laurila

Affiliations Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Antti J. Kangas

Affiliation Computational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Pasi Soininen

Affiliations Computational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Markku J. Savolainen

Affiliations Computational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Jorma Viikari

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

Mika Kähönen

Affiliation Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

Markus Perola

Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Veikko Salomaa

Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Olli Raitakari

Affiliation Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

Terho Lehtimäki

Affiliation Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland

Marja-Riitta Taskinen

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Marjo-Riitta Järvelin

Affiliations Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Mika Ala-Korpela

Affiliations Computational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Aarno Palotie

Affiliations Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Paul I. W. de Bakker

Affiliations Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MI PIWdB. Performed the experiments: NO AJK PS. Analyzed the data: MI SR JK L-PL P-PL PIWdB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JK JV MK MP VS OR TL M-RJ MA-K AP MJS. Wrote the paper: MI SR M-RT AP PIWdB.