About the Authors

Adam M. Saffer

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Dong Hyun Kim

Affiliation Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alexander van Oudenaarden

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

H. Robert Horvitz

horvitz@mit.edu

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AMS DHK AvO HRH. Performed the experiments: AMS DHK. Analyzed the data: AMS DHK HRH. Wrote the paper: AMS HRH.