About the Authors

Paula S. Ramos

ramosp@musc.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Lindsey A. Criswell

Affiliation Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Kathy L. Moser

Affiliation Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America

Mary E. Comeau

Affiliation Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Adrienne H. Williams

Affiliation Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Nicholas M. Pajewski

Affiliation Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Sharon A. Chung

Affiliation Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Robert R. Graham

Affiliation Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Raphael Zidovetzki

Affiliation Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America

Jennifer A. Kelly

Affiliation Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America

Kenneth M. Kaufman

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Chaim O. Jacob

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Timothy J. Vyse

Affiliation Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Betty P. Tsao

Affiliation David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Robert P. Kimberly

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Patrick M. Gaffney

Affiliation Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America

Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme

Affiliations Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America, Centro de Genómica y Investigaciones Oncológicas, Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain

John B. Harley

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Carl D. Langefeld

Affiliation Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

for The International Consortium on the Genetics of Systemic Erythematosus (SLEGEN)

Membership of SLEGEN is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

RRG is an employee of Genentech.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PSR NMP CDL. Performed the experiments: PSR MEC AHW NMP. Analyzed the data: PSR NMP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LAC KLM NMP SAC RRG RZ JAK KMK COJ TJV BPT RPK PMG MEA-R JBH CDL. Wrote the paper: PSR LAC NMP SAC CDL.