About the Authors

Hai Yang Hu

Contributed equally to this work with: Hai Yang Hu, Song Guo

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS–MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Song Guo

Contributed equally to this work with: Hai Yang Hu, Song Guo

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS–MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Jiang Xi

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS–MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Zheng Yan

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS–MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Ning Fu

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Xiaoyu Zhang

Affiliation College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China

Corinna Menzel

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany

Hongyu Liang

Affiliation College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China

Hongyi Yang

Affiliation College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China

Min Zhao

Affiliation College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China

Rong Zeng

zr@sibs.ac.cn (RZ); khaitovich@eva.mpg.de (PK)

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Wei Chen

Affiliations Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin-Buch, Germany

Svante Pääbo

Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

Philipp Khaitovich

zr@sibs.ac.cn (RZ); khaitovich@eva.mpg.de (PK)

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS–MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PK RZ WC SP. Performed the experiments: JX ZY NF XZ CM HL. Analyzed the data: HYH SG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HY MZ PK RZ WC SP. Wrote the paper: PK WC SP.