About the Authors

Frank Geller

Contributed equally to this work with: Frank Geller, Bjarke Feenstra

fge@ssi.dk (FG); fee@ssi.dk (BF)

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

Bjarke Feenstra

Contributed equally to this work with: Frank Geller, Bjarke Feenstra

fge@ssi.dk (FG); fee@ssi.dk (BF)

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

Hao Zhang

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

John R. Shaffer

Affiliation Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Thomas Hansen

Affiliation Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark

Ann-Louise Esserlind

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital and the Danish Headache Center, Glostrup, Denmark

Heather A. Boyd

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

Ellen A. Nohr

Affiliation Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Nicholas J. Timpson

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Ghazaleh Fatemifar

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Lavinia Paternoster

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

David M. Evans

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Robert J. Weyant

Affiliation Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Steven M. Levy

Affiliation Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Mark Lathrop

Affiliations Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France, Foundation Jean Dausset, Human Polymorphism Study Center (CEPH), Paris, France

George Davey Smith

Affiliations Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Jeffrey C. Murray

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Jes Olesen

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital and the Danish Headache Center, Glostrup, Denmark

Thomas Werge

Affiliation Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark

Mary L. Marazita

Affiliations Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Thorkild I. A. Sørensen

Affiliation Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Mads Melbye

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

Competing Interests

TW declares having received consultancy and lecture fees from Lundbeck A/S.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FG BF MM. Analyzed the data: FG BF HZ JRS DME GF LP. Wrote the paper: FG BF HZ JRS TH A-LE HAB EAN NJT GF LP DME RJW SML ML GDS JCM JO TW MLM TIAS MM. Drafted the manuscript: FG BF.