About the Authors

Alexandra Zhernakova

Affiliations Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eli A. Stahl

Affiliations Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gosia Trynka

Affiliation Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Soumya Raychaudhuri

Affiliations Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eleanora A. Festen

Affiliation Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Lude Franke

Affiliations Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Harm-Jan Westra

Affiliation Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Rudolf S. N. Fehrmann

Affiliation Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Fina A. S. Kurreeman

Affiliations Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Brian Thomson

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Namrata Gupta

Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jihane Romanos

Affiliation Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Ross McManus

Affiliation Department of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Anthony W. Ryan

Affiliation Department of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Graham Turner

Affiliation Department of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Elisabeth Brouwer

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Marcel D. Posthumus

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Elaine F. Remmers

Affiliation Genetics and Genomics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Francesca Tucci

Affiliation European Laboratory for Food Induced Disease, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

Rene Toes

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Elvira Grandone

Affiliation Unita' di Aterosclerosi e Trombosi, I.R.C.C.S Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy

Maria Cristina Mazzilli

Affiliation Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Anna Rybak

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Bozena Cukrowska

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Marieke J. H. Coenen

Affiliation Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Timothy R. D. J. Radstake

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Piet L. C. M. van Riel

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Yonghong Li

Affiliation Celera, Alameda, California, United States of America

Paul I. W. de Bakker

Affiliations Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands

Peter K. Gregersen

Affiliation The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America

Jane Worthington

Affiliation Arthritis Research Campaign–Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Katherine A. Siminovitch

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

Lars Klareskog

Affiliation Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden

Tom W. J. Huizinga

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Cisca Wijmenga

Contributed equally to this work with: Cisca Wijmenga, Robert M. Plenge

Affiliation Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Robert M. Plenge

Contributed equally to this work with: Cisca Wijmenga, Robert M. Plenge

rplenge@partners.org

Affiliations Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

YL has employment and stock interest in Celera.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RM Plenge, C Wijmenga, A Zhernakova, EA Stahl, S Raychaudhuri. Performed the experiments: A Zhernakova, G Trynka, FAS Kurreeman, B Thomson, N Gupta, J Romanos, EF Remmers, Y Li. Analyzed the data: A Zhernakova, EA Stahl, RM Plenge, S Raychaudhuri, L Franke, RSN Fehrmann, EA Festen, FAS Kurreeman, PIW de Bakker, HJ Westra. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RM Plenge, C Wijmenga, A Zhernakova, R McManus, AW Ryan, G Turner, PK Gregersen, J Worthington, KA Siminovitch, L Klareskog, TWJ Huizinga, EF Remmers, F Tucci, R Toes, E Grandone, MC Mazzilli, A Rybak, B Cukrowska, E Brouwer, MD Posthumus, MJH Coenen, TRDJ Radstake, PLCM van Riel. Wrote the paper: RM Plenge, C Wijmenga, A Zhernakova, EA Stahl, S Raychaudhuri, FAS Kurreeman, G Trynka, R Toes, Y Li, TWJ Huizinga.