About the Authors

Yulan Xiong

Affiliations NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Candice E. Coombes

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Austin Kilaru

Affiliation Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Xiaojie Li

Affiliations NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Aaron D. Gitler

Affiliation Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

William J. Bowers

Affiliation Center for Neural Development and Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Valina L. Dawson

Affiliations NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ted M. Dawson

tdawson@jhmi.edu (TMD); darren.moore@epfl.ch (DJM)

Affiliations NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Darren J. Moore

tdawson@jhmi.edu (TMD); darren.moore@epfl.ch (DJM)

Affiliations NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YX CEC VLD DJM TMD. Performed the experiments: YX AK XL ADG TMD. Analyzed the data: YX CEC VLD DJM TMD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WJB VLD TMD. Wrote the paper: YX VLD DJM TMD.