About the Authors
- J. Brent Richards
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* E-mail: brent.richards@mcgill.ca
Affiliations Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dawn Waterworth
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Affiliation Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Stephen O'Rahilly
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Affiliation University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Marie-France Hivert
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Affiliations General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ruth J. F. Loos
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- John R. B. Perry
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Affiliations Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom, Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Toshiko Tanaka
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Affiliations Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Nicholas John Timpson
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Oakfield House, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Robert K. Semple
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Affiliation University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Nicole Soranzo
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Affiliations Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Kijoung Song
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Affiliation Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Nuno Rocha
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Affiliation University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Elin Grundberg
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Affiliations Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Josée Dupuis
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Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Jose C. Florez
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Affiliations Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Human, Genetic Research and Diabetes Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Claudia Langenberg
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Inga Prokopenko
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Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Richa Saxena
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Affiliations Center for Human, Genetic Research and Diabetes Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Robert Sladek
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Affiliation Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Yurii Aulchenko
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- David Evans
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Oakfield House, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Gerard Waeber
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jeanette Erdmann
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Affiliation Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Mary-Susan Burnett
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Naveed Sattar
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Affiliation British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Joseph Devaney
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Christina Willenborg
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Affiliations Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Aroon Hingorani
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Affiliation Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College, London, United Kingdom
- Jaquelin C. M. Witteman
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Peter Vollenweider
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Beate Glaser
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Oakfield House, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Christian Hengstenberg
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Affiliation Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Luigi Ferrucci
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Affiliation Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- David Melzer
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Affiliation Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Klaus Stark
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Affiliation Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- John Deanfield
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Affiliation Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Janina Winogradow
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Affiliation Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Martina Grassl
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Affiliation Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Alistair S. Hall
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Affiliation Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics and Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Josephine M. Egan
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Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- John R. Thompson
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Affiliation Departments of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Sally L. Ricketts
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Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Inke R. König
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Affiliation Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Wibke Reinhard
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Affiliation Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Scott Grundy
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Affiliation Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- H-Erich Wichmann
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Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Information Science, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Phil Barter
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Affiliation Heart Research Institute, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Robert Mahley
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Affiliation Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease and Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Y. Antero Kesaniemi
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Daniel J. Rader
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Muredach P. Reilly
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Stephen E. Epstein
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Alexandre F. R. Stewart
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Affiliation Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Cornelia M. Van Duijn
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Heribert Schunkert
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Affiliation Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Keith Burling
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Affiliation University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Panos Deloukas
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Tomi Pastinen
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Affiliations Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Nilesh J. Samani
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Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Ruth McPherson
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Affiliation Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- George Davey Smith
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Oakfield House, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Timothy M. Frayling
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Affiliations Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom, Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Nicholas J. Wareham
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Affiliation Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- James B. Meigs
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Affiliations General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Vincent Mooser
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Contributed equally to this work with: Vincent Mooser, Tim D. Spector
Affiliation Genetics Division, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Tim D. Spector
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Contributed equally to this work with: Vincent Mooser, Tim D. Spector
Affiliation Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- GIANT Consortium
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Ran meta-analysis: J. B. Richards, K. Song. Ran statistical analysis in studies: J. B. Richards, D. Waterworth, M.-F. Hivert, R. J. F. Loos, J. R. B. Perry, T. Tanaka, N. J. Timpson, K. Song, C. Langenberg, I. Prokopenko, R. Saxena, Y. Aluchenko, D. Evans, J. Erdmann, C. Willenborg, J. C. M. Witteman, B. Glaser, I. R. König, C. M. Van Duijn, T. M. Frayling. Designed studies: J. B. Richards, D. Waterworth, J. Dupuis, J. C. Florez, G. Waeber, J. Erdmann, M.-S. Burnett, J. Devaney, P. Vollenweider, C. Hengstenberg, L. Ferruci, D. Melzer, K. Stark, J. Deanfield, A. S. Hall, J. M. Egan, S. Grundy, P. Barter, Y. A. Kesaniemi, D. J. Rader, M. P. Reilly, S. E. Epstein, A. F. R. Stewart, N. J. Samani, R. McPherson, N. J. Wareham, J. B. Weigs, V. Mooser, T. D. Spector. Established the consortium: J. B. Richards, D. Waterworth, C. Hengstenberg, V. Mooser, T. D. Spector. Interpreted results and critically read the manuscript: J. B. Richards, D. Waterworth, S. O'Rahilly, M.-F. Hivert, R. J. F. Loos, J. R. B. Perry, T. Tanaka, N. J. Timpson, R. K. Semple, N. Soranzo, K. Song, N. Rocha, E. Grundberg, J. Dupuis, J. C. Florez, C. Langenberg, I. Prokopenko, R. Saxena, R. Sladek, Y. Aluchenko, D. Evans, G. Waeber, J. Erdmann, M.-S. Burnett, N. Sattar, J. Devaney, C. Willenborg, A. Hingorani, J. C. M. Witteman, P. Vollenweider, B. Glaser, C. Hengstenberg, L. Ferruci, D. Melzer, K. Stark, J. Deanfield, J. Winogradow, M. Grassl, A. S. Hall, J. M. Egan, J. R. Thompson, S. L. Ricketts, I. R. König, W. Reinhard, S. Grundy, H. E. Wichmann, P. Barter, R. Mahley, Y. A. Kesaniemi, D. J. Rader, M. P. Reilly, S. E. Epstein, A. F. R. Stewart, C. M. Van Duijn, H. Schunkert, K. Burling, P. Deloukas, T. Pastinen, N. J. Samani, R. McPherson, G. Davey Smith, T. M. Frayling, N. J. Wareham, J. B. Weigs, V. Mooser, T. D. Spector. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: J. B. Richards. Coordinated/collected phenotypic information: D. W, G. Waeber, M.-S. Burnett, N. Sattar, J. Devaney, A. Hingorani, P. Vollenweider, C. Hengstenberg, K. Stark, J. Winogradow, M. Grassl, A. S. Hall, S. L. Ricketts, W. Reinhard, S. Grundy, H. E. Wichmann, P. Barter, R. Mahley, Y. A. Kesaniemi, D. J. Rader, M. P. Reilly, S. E. Epstein, N. J. Samani, R. McPherson, G. Davey Smith, J. B. Weigs, V. Mooser, T. D. Spector. Performed expression studies: S. O'Rahilly, R. K. Semple, N. Rocha, E. Grundberg, T. Pastinen. Coordinated GWA genotyping of studies: N. Soranzo, J. Erdmann, C. Hengstenberg, K. Stark, M. P. Reilly, H. Schunkert, P. Deloukas, T. D. Spector. Obtained funding: J. Dupuis, J. C. Florez, J. Erdmann, N. Sattar, C. Hengstenberg, A. S. Hall, J. M. Egan, J. R. Thompson, D. J. Rader, M. P. Reilly, S. E. Epstein, A. F. R. Stewart, N. J. Samani, R. McPherson, G. Davey Smith, N. J. Wareham, J. B. Weigs, T. D. Spector. Performed laboratory analyses: N. Sattar, K. Stark, J. M. Egan, K. Burling, R. McPherson. Provided data for the BMI trait: GIANT Consortium.