About the Authors
- Ulla Sovio
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Amanda J. Bennett
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Affiliation Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Iona Y. Millwood
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- John Molitor
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Paul F. O'Reilly
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Nicholas J. Timpson
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Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Marika Kaakinen
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Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Jaana Laitinen
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Affiliation Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland
- Jari Haukka
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Affiliations National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cluster, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Demetris Pillas
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ioanna Tzoulaki
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Jassy Molitor
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clive Hoggart
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lachlan J. M. Coin
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- John Whittaker
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Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Anneli Pouta
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Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland
- Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
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Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Nelson B. Freimer
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Affiliations Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Elisabeth Widen
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Affiliation Finnish Genome Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Leena Peltonen
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Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Paul Elliott
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mark I. McCarthy
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Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
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* E-mail: m.jarvelin@imperial.ac.uk
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Child and Adolescent Health, National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: US NJT EW PE MIM MRJ. Performed the experiments: AJB. Analyzed the data: US JM PFO JM CH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: US AJB MK JL JH LJMC AP ALH NBF LP MIM MRJ. Wrote the paper: US AJB IYM JM PFO NJT MK JL JH DP IT JM CH LJMC JW AP ALH NBF EW LP PE MIM MRJ.