About the Authors

Christopher M. Jakobson

Current address: Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

Danielle Tullman-Ercek

Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

Marilyn F. Slininger

Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Niall M. Mangan

niallmm@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: CMJ MFS DTE NMM. Funding acquisition: DTE. Methodology: CMJ NMM. Software: CMJ NMM. Supervision: DTE NMM. Writing – original draft: CMJ NMM. Writing – review & editing: CMJ MFS DTE NMM.