About the Authors

Olga Kononova

Affiliations Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, Russia

Joost Snijder

Affiliation Natuur- en Sterrenkunde and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Yaroslav Kholodov

Affiliations Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, Russia, Institute of Computer Aided Design Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

Kenneth A. Marx

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gijs J. L. Wuite

Affiliation Natuur- en Sterrenkunde and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Wouter H. Roos

w.h.roos@rug.nl (WHR); valeri_barsegov@uml.edu (VB)

Affiliation Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Valeri Barsegov

w.h.roos@rug.nl (WHR); valeri_barsegov@uml.edu (VB)

Affiliations Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region, Russia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GJLW WHR. Performed the experiments: JS. Analyzed the data: OK JS YK KAM VB. Wrote the paper: OK GJLW WHR VB. Performed the simulations: OK YK. Designed the model: OK KAM VB.