About the Authors

Liang Wang

Affiliation Mathematical Sciences Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jie Zheng

Affiliation Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Akiko Maehara

Affiliation The Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America

Chun Yang

Affiliations Mathematical Sciences Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, United States of America, Network Technology Research Institute, China United Network Communications Co., Ltd., Beijing, China

Kristen L. Billiar

Affiliation Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zheyang Wu

Affiliation Mathematical Sciences Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, United States of America

Richard Bach

Affiliation Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

David Muccigrosso

Affiliation Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Gary S. Mintz

Affiliation The Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America

Dalin Tang

dtang@wpi.edu

Affiliations Mathematical Sciences Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, United States of America, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DT JZ GSM RB. Performed the experiments: JZ GSM RB AM KLB DM. Analyzed the data: DT LW CY ZW. Wrote the paper: DT LW JZ AM GSM RB DM KLB ZW CY.