About the Authors

Timothy E Allen

Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Nathan D Price

Current address: The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Andrew R Joyce

Affiliation Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Bernhard Ø Palsson

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: palsson@ucsd.edu

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

BØP serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of Genomatica.

Author Contributions

TEA and BØP conceived and designed the experiments. TEA performed the experiments. TEA, NDP, and ARJ analyzed the data. TEA and ARJ contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. TEA, NDP, ARJ, and BØP wrote the paper.