About the Authors

Timo Vuorela

Affiliation Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

Andrea Catte

Affiliations Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, Department of Medicine and Center for Computational and Structural Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Perttu S. Niemelä

Affiliation VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland

Anette Hall

Affiliation Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

Marja T. Hyvönen

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Siewert-Jan Marrink

Affiliation Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Mikko Karttunen

Affiliation Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

Ilpo Vattulainen

Ilpo.Vattulainen@tut.fi

Affiliations Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland, MEMPHYS–Center of Biomembrane Physics, Physics Department, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TV AC PSN AH MTH SJM MK IV. Performed the experiments: TV AC. Analyzed the data: TV AC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TV AC PSN AH. Wrote the paper: TV AC PSN AH MTH SJM MK IV.