About the Authors

Neil C Chi

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Neil.Chi@ucsf.edu (NCC); didier_stainier@biochem.ucsf.edu (DYRS)

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Robin M Shaw

Affiliations Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Benno Jungblut

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Jan Huisken

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Tania Ferrer

Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America , Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Rima Arnaout

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ian Scott

Affiliation Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dimitris Beis

Affiliation Developmental Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece

Tong Xiao

Affiliations Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Programs in Neuroscience, Genetics, Human Genetics, and Developmental Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Herwig Baier

Affiliations Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Programs in Neuroscience, Genetics, Human Genetics, and Developmental Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Lily Y Jan

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Martin Tristani-Firouzi

Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Didier Y. R Stainier

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Neil.Chi@ucsf.edu (NCC); didier_stainier@biochem.ucsf.edu (DYRS)

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America , Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

NCC, RMS, BJ, JH,, HB, LYJ, MT-F and DYRS conceived and designed the experiments. NCC, RMS, BJ, JH, TF, IS, DB, TX and MT-F performed the experiments. All authors analyzed the data. NCC, RMS, BJ, JH, RA, TA, IS, DB, TX, HB, LYJ, MT-F contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. NCC, RMS, JH, TF, RA, IS, DB, MT-F, and DYRS wrote the paper.