About the Authors

Michael L Smith

Affiliation Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Delphine Gourdon

Affiliation Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

William C Little

Affiliation Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Kristopher E Kubow

Affiliation Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

R. Andresen Eguiluz

Affiliation Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Sheila Luna-Morris

Affiliation Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Viola Vogel

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: viola.vogel@mat.ethz.ch

Affiliation Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

MLS and VV conceived and designed the experiments. MLS, DG, WCL, KEK, RAE, and SLM performed the experiments and analyzed the data. RAE and SLM contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. MLS and VV wrote the paper.