About the Authors
- D. Thomas Rutkowski
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Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Stacey M Arnold
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¤ Current address: Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Corey N Miller
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Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Jun Wu
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Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Jack Li
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Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Kathryn M Gunnison
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Affiliation Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Kazutoshi Mori
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Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Amir A. Sadighi Akha
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Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- David Raden
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Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Randal J Kaufman
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*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kaufmanr@umich.edu
Affiliations Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America , Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America , Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
DTR conceived and designed the experiments. DTR, SMA, CNM, JW, JL, KMG, and AASA performed the experiments. DTR and RJK analyzed the data. KM contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. DTR and RJK wrote the paper. DR constructed the mathematical model.