About the Authors

Matthew J Marshall

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Alexander S Beliaev

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov (AB), Email: alex.beliaev@pnl.gov (JF)

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Alice C Dohnalkova

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

David W Kennedy

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Liang Shi

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Zheming Wang

Affiliation Chemical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Maxim I Boyanov

Affiliation Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America

Barry Lai

Affiliation Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America

Kenneth M Kemner

Affiliation Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America

Jeffrey S McLean

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Samantha B Reed

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

David E Culley

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Vanessa L Bailey

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Cody J Simonson

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Daad A Saffarini

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Margaret F Romine

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

John M Zachara

Affiliation Chemical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

James K Fredrickson

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov (AB), Email: alex.beliaev@pnl.gov (JF)

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

MJM, ASB, KMK, JKF, and JMZ conceived and designed the experiments. MJM, ACD, DWK, LS, ZW, MIB, BL, KMK, JSM, SBR, DEC, and CJS performed the experiments. MJM, ASB, KMK, VLB, JKF, and JMZ analyzed the data. DAS and MFR contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. MJM, ASB, JKF, and JMZ wrote the paper.