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About the Authors

Tadashi Imanishi

Affiliation Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Takeshi Itoh

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Genome Research Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan

Yutaka Suzuki

Affiliations Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Claire O'Donovan

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Satoshi Fukuchi

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Kanako O Koyanagi

Affiliation Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan

Roberto A Barrero

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Takuro Tamura

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan, BITS Company, Shizuoka, Japan

Yumi Yamaguchi-Kabata

Affiliation Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Motohiko Tanino

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Kei Yura

Affiliation Quantum Bioinformatics Group, Center for Promotion of Computational Science and Engineering, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan

Satoru Miyazaki

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Kazuho Ikeo

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Keiichi Homma

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Arek Kasprzyk

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Tetsuo Nishikawa

Affiliations Reverse Proteomics Research Institute, Chiba, Japan, Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan

Mika Hirakawa

Affiliation Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Jean Thierry-Mieg

Affiliations National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Mathematique, Montpellier, France

Danielle Thierry-Mieg

Affiliations National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Mathematique, Montpellier, France

Jennifer Ashurst

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Libin Jia

Affiliation National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mitsuteru Nakao

Affiliation Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Michael A Thomas

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, United States of America

Nicola Mulder

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Youla Karavidopoulou

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Lihua Jin

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Sangsoo Kim

Affiliation Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejeon, Korea

Tomohiro Yasuda

Affiliation Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan

Boris Lenhard

Affiliation Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Eric Eveno

Affiliations Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France, Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China

Yoshiyuki Suzuki

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Chisato Yamasaki

Affiliation Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Jun-ichi Takeda

Affiliation Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Craig Gough

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Phillip Hilton

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Yasuyuki Fujii

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroaki Sakai

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Company, Tokyo, Japan

Susumu Tanaka

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Clara Amid

Affiliation MIPS—Institute for Bioinformatics, GSF—National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Matthew Bellgard

Affiliation Centre for Bioinformatics and Biological Computing, School of Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia

Maria de Fatima Bonaldo

Affiliation Medical Education and Biomedical Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Hidemasa Bono

Affiliation Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan

Susan K Bromberg

Affiliation Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Anthony J Brookes

Affiliation Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Elspeth Bruford

Affiliation HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Piero Carninci

Affiliation Genome Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan

Claude Chelala

Affiliation Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France

Christine Couillault

Affiliations Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France, Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China

Sandro J. de Souza

Affiliation Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Marie-Anne Debily

Affiliation Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France

Marie-Dominique Devignes

Affiliation CNRS, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France

Inna Dubchak

Affiliation Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Toshinori Endo

Affiliation Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

Anne Estreicher

Affiliation Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland

Eduardo Eyras

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kaoru Fukami-Kobayashi

Affiliation Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Ibaraki, Japan

Gopal R. Gopinath

Affiliation Genome Knowledgebase, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America

Esther Graudens

Affiliations Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France, Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China

Yoonsoo Hahn

Affiliation Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejeon, Korea

Michael Han

Affiliation MIPS—Institute for Bioinformatics, GSF—National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Ze-Guang Han

Affiliations Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China

Kousuke Hanada

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Hideki Hanaoka

Affiliation Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Erimi Harada

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Katsuyuki Hashimoto

Affiliation Division of Genetic Resources, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Ursula Hinz

Affiliation Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland

Momoki Hirai

Affiliation Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

Teruyoshi Hishiki

Affiliation Functional Genomics Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Ian Hopkinson

Affiliations Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free University College Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, The Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

Sandrine Imbeaud

Affiliations Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France, Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China

Hidetoshi Inoko

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Genetic Information, Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan

Alexander Kanapin

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Yayoi Kaneko

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Takeya Kasukawa

Affiliation Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan

Janet Kelso

Affiliation South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa

Paul Kersey

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Reiko Kikuno

Affiliation Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan

Kouichi Kimura

Affiliation Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan

Bernhard Korn

Affiliation RZPD Resource Center for Genome Research, Heidelberg, Germany

Vladimir Kuryshev

Affiliation Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center-DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany

Izabela Makalowska

Affiliation Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Takashi Makino

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Shuhei Mano

Affiliation Department of Genetic Information, Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan

Regine Mariage-Samson

Affiliation Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France

Jun Mashima

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Hideo Matsuda

Affiliation Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Hans-Werner Mewes

Affiliation MIPS—Institute for Bioinformatics, GSF—National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany

Shinsei Minoshima

Affiliations Medical Photobiology Department, Photon Medical Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan, Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Keiichi Nagai

Affiliation Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan

Hideki Nagasaki

Affiliation Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Naoki Nagata

Affiliation Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Rajni Nigam

Affiliation Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Osamu Ogasawara

Affiliation Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Osamu Ohara

Affiliation Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan

Masafumi Ohtsubo

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Norihiro Okada

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan

Toshihisa Okido

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Satoshi Oota

Affiliation Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Ibaraki, Japan

Motonori Ota

Affiliation Global Scientific Information and Computing Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Toshio Ota

Affiliation Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Company, Tokyo, Japan

Tetsuji Otsuki

Affiliation Molecular Biology Laboratory, Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Company, Saitama, Japan

Dominique Piatier-Tonneau

Affiliation Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France

Annemarie Poustka

Affiliation Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center-DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany

Shuang-Xi Ren

Affiliations Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China

Naruya Saitou

Affiliation Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Katsunaga Sakai

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Shigetaka Sakamoto

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Ryuichi Sakate

Affiliation Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

Ingo Schupp

Affiliation Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center-DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany

Florence Servant

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stephen Sherry

Affiliation National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Rie Shiba

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Nobuyoshi Shimizu

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Mary Shimoyama

Affiliation Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Andrew J Simpson

Affiliation Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Bento Soares

Affiliation Medical Education and Biomedical Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Charles Steward

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Makiko Suwa

Affiliation Computational Biology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Mami Suzuki

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Aiko Takahashi

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Gen Tamiya

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Genetic Information, Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan

Hiroshi Tanaka

Affiliation Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

Todd Taylor

Affiliation Human Genome Research Group, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan

Joseph D Terwilliger

Affiliation Columbia University and Columbia Genome Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Per Unneberg

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Vamsi Veeramachaneni

Affiliation Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Shinya Watanabe

Affiliation Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Laurens Wilming

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Norikazu Yasuda

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Integrated Database Group, Japan Biological Information Research Center, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan

Hyang-Sook Yoo

Affiliation Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejeon, Korea

Marvin Stodolsky

Affiliation Biology Division and Genome Task Group, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C, United States of America

Wojciech Makalowski

Affiliation Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mitiko Go

Affiliation Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Shiga, Japan

Kenta Nakai

Affiliation Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Toshihisa Takagi

Affiliation Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Minoru Kanehisa

Affiliation Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Yoshiyuki Sakaki

Affiliations Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Human Genome Research Group, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan

John Quackenbush

Affiliation Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Yasushi Okazaki

Affiliation Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan

Yoshihide Hayashizaki

Affiliation Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan

Winston Hide

Affiliation South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa

Ranajit Chakraborty

Affiliation Center for Genome Information, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Ken Nishikawa

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Hideaki Sugawara

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Yoshio Tateno

Affiliation Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

Zhu Chen

Affiliations Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China

Michio Oishi

Affiliation Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan

Peter Tonellato

Affiliation PointOne Systems, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States of America

Rolf Apweiler

Affiliation EMBL Outstation—European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kousaku Okubo

Affiliations Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan, Functional Genomics Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Lukas Wagner

Affiliation National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Stefan Wiemann

Affiliation Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center-DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany

Robert L Strausberg

Affiliation National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Takao Isogai

Affiliations Reverse Proteomics Research Institute, Chiba, Japan, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Charles Auffray

Affiliations Genexpress—CNRS—Functional Genomics and Systemic Biology for Health, Villejuif Cedex, France, Sino-French Laboratory in Life Sciences and Genomics, Shanghai, China

Nobuo Nomura

Affiliation Functional Genomics Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Takashi Gojobori

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tgojobor@genes.nig.ac.jp

Affiliations Integrated Database Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan, Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shizuoka, Japan

Sumio Sugano

Affiliations Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Functional Genomics Group, Biological Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

The project was conceived and designed by T. Imanishi, T. Itoh, Y. Suzuki, C. O'Donovan, S. Fukuchi, Y. Yamaguchi-Kabata, S. Miyazaki, K. Ikeo, A. Kasprzyk, T. Nishikawa, M. Stodolsky, W. Makalowski, M. Go, K. Nakai, T. Takagi, M. Kanehisa, Y. Sakaki, J. Quackenbush, Y. Okazaki, Y. Hayashizaki, W. Hide, R. Chakraborty, K. Nishikawa, H. Sugawara, Y. Tateno, Z. Chen, M. Oishi, P. Tonellato, R. Apweiler, K. Okubo, L. Wagner, S. Wiemann, R. L. Strausberg, T. Isogai, C. Auffray, N. Nomura, T. Gojobori, and S. Sugano.